An external investigation of a DP incident or undesired event, carried out by someone with no stake in the answer. The charterer's assurance regime requires exactly this before an event of either class can be formally closed — because a company investigating its own event is grading its own homework.
Declared so the conversation happens before the campaign, not in the middle of it.
These drive effort, not price. Pricing is quoted after the specification call, together with the documents we will need from you.
Data degrades fast. Alarm buffers overwrite, people rotate off and memory reorders sequence — the investigation that starts within days is a different investigation from the one that starts within months.